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加蓬

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国家背景 ˬ

加蓬的森林资源和背景

UPDATING IN PROGRESS
(Coup d'état of September 2023)

根据 FRMi 2018 年进行的一项 AfDB 研究，加蓬的森林面积约为 2,230 万公顷，粮农组织 (FAO) 的研究显示，该国的森林面积为 2,350 万公顷（2020 年），占该国总面积的 87%。几乎全部林区均由原生林或自然再生林组成。

陆地面积

25.8

百万公顷

森林覆盖

23.5

百万公顷

生产林

14

百万公顷

森林所有权

100

% 公有

森林所有权

加蓬的森林 100% 归国家所有，但林区的管理可分为三个不同的类别：

  1. 由私人特许经营商管理的生产林，但管理权完全由国家管理。
  2. 由国家直接管理的防护林。加蓬有 13 个国家公园和一些其他保护区，总面积约占该国领土面积的 12%。
  3. 农村林区，一般是土地和森林，农村社区和森林居民只要遵循林业局规定的条件，就可以自由行使其习惯权利。

 

森林资源

森林类型

主要有三种森林类型：

  1. 西部的常绿雨林，已大量采伐和严重退化，某些地区已退化为主要由加蓬木材行业最重要的树种之一 — 加蓬榄 (Aucomeaklaineana) 和中非烛蜡木 (Dacryodesbuettneri) 组成的次生林；
  2. 封闭潮湿的加蓬中部森林，覆盖了该国大部分地区，发现了许多与该地区其他类似森林相同的树种，例如金丝红檀 (Lophiraalata)、桃花心木树种（Entandrophragma spp. 和 Khaya spp.）、帕波橄榄 (Canariumschweinfurthii) 和非洲白木 (Triplochitonscleroxylon)；
  3. 东北部的半落叶型森林，主要由西非榄仁树 (Terminalia superba)、橡树 (Millettialaurentii) 和非洲白木 (Triplochitonscleroxylon) 组成。There are three major forest types:

加蓬总体人口密度低，森林面积大，森林损失率相对较低，为每年 0.12%，平均退化率为 0.09%。森林砍伐的主要原因是沿公路和城市发展建立的小规模农业，而森林退化的主要原因是工业采矿和开荒地区的非法伐木。

 

加蓬是一个森林之国，在十三个国家公园和其他保护区（总面积占该国领土面积的 12% 以上）内，动植物仍然得到了很好的保存和保护。罗佩国家森林公园 (Lopé National Park) 是联合国教科文组织世界遗产。

 

加蓬分为 9 个省，每个省由一名省长领导，有些省又划分为由县长领导的多个县，有些省则划分为由副县长领导的多个区。

全球森林观察地图

Global Forest Watch Map Gabon

CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (Transparency international)

    0 is highly corrupt, 100 is very clean.
Source: Transparency International

 

ILLEGAL DEFORESTATION AND ASSOCIATED TRADE (IDAT) Risk (Forest Trend)

84.06/100

 

00 is higher risk, 0 is lower risk
Source: Forest trend

 

SOURCING HUB RISK SCORE (Preferred by nature)

3/100

 0 is higher risk, 100 is lower risk
Source: Preferred by nature

 

 

 

COUNTRY DEFORESTESTATION CLASSIFICATION LIST - EUDR (European Commission)

LOW risk category

For more information about the methodology, see here

 

 

 

Interpretation of Risk Indicators

The indicators presented in this country profile (CPI, IDIAT, Sourcing Hub, EU benchmarking) are macro indicators intended to support risk analysis. They do not constitute a uniform qualification of the country or of its operators.

The EU benchmarking system classifies countries according to their risk of producing commodities that are not deforestation-free. For countries classified as standard risk, operators must conduct full due diligence, including information collection, risk assessment, and risk mitigation.

A country classified as presenting a certain level of risk does not mean that trade is prohibited. Operators may still source from such countries, provided that risks are adequately mitigated. This may include prioritising certified supply chains or those verified by independent third-party audits. Moreover, risk levels can vary within a country: a specific supplier or supply chain may present a low risk even in a country classified as high risk.

In accordance with the EUDR (Articles 9 to 11), risk assessment must in all cases be carried out at the level of the plot of origin and take into account the specific context of the region, the type of forest, and the supply chain.

The Timber Trade Portal is designed to support this analysis but does not replace the operator’s due diligence obligations.

Subnational variations in risks

HARVESTING SOURCE DUE DILIGENCE COMPLEXITY DUE DILIGENCE CONSIDERATION
     
     
     
     
     
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