• 刚果民主共和国

刚果民主共和国的森林资源和背景

According to 根据 FRMi 2018 年进行的研究显示,刚果民主共和国 (DRC) 2017 年拥有约 1.145 亿公顷森林,占土地总面积的 49%根据粮农组织 (FAO) 2020 年进行的另一项研究显示,该国森林面积为 1.26 亿公顷(包括退化森林)

 

陆地面积

226.7

百万公顷

森林覆盖

126

百万公顷

生产林

19.7

百万公顷

森林所有权

100

% 公有

森林资源

森林类型

《刚果民主共和国森林法典》(2002 年)将森林分为三个类别: 

  • Forêts Classées(分类森林),例如自然保护区、动物保护区、游憩林和国家公园 — 公有林区:这种森林通常称为“保护区”,但不要与下一类“受保护森林”混淆。  这种森林由分类法定义,并根据其生态价值对用户权利和开采有司法限制。分类森林应至少占刚果民主共和国总领土面积的 15%。 
  • Forêts protégées(受保护森林)是指分类法未定义的森林,对于用户和开采权利的限制较少。受保护森林可以成为特许经营合同的一部分,期限不超过 25 年。另外,当当地社区对受保护森林拥有惯有权利时,可以获得对该森林部分或全部区域的特许权。(例如手工伐木许可证和采伐许可证)。 
  • Forêts de production permanente(永久性生产林是指通过公开调查排除受保护森林的部分。此类森林的开采应符合《森林法典》的规定。森林特许经营区和当地的共有林均属于永久性生产林。 

刚果民主共和国目前仅分配约 10% 的森林用于伐木。 

其森林包括封闭的高海拔雨林、开阔的森林和多树草原。刚果民主共和国 (DRC) 位于非洲刚果盆地,同处该地区的其他国家还有喀麦隆、中非共和国、刚果共和国、赤道几内亚和加蓬。刚果民主共和国是非洲生物多样性最丰富的国家,也是世界上最重要的生物多样性中心之一,非洲一半以上的热带森林分布于此。  刚果民主共和国共拥有 15,000 余个动植物种,包括 450 种哺乳动物、1,150 种鸟类、300 种爬行动物和 200 种两栖动物,以及 3,200 余种当地特有的动物,例如霍加狓、刚果孔雀和倭黑猩猩 (WWF-DRC)。山脉和高原位于与乌干达和卢旺达接壤的东部边境,包括维龙加国家公园,这里是著名的山地大猩猩的家园。 

虽然与许多其他热带国家相比,该国的森林砍伐率相对较低(过去 10 年为 -0.83%),但在这个幅员辽阔的国家,森林砍伐面积每年超过 1,000,000 公顷。刚果民主共和国是刚果盆地森林砍伐数据最高的国家,并且该数据呈上升趋势。刚果民主共和国砍伐森林的主要驱动因素是刀耕火种式农业、失控的森林大火、为当地和区域市场生产木炭、牧牛,以及最后但同样重要的一点:非法(手工)伐木。 

森林所有权

森林法(2002 年)将国家的林区划分为公有林区和私有林区。(Verifor2008)。 

Global Forest Watch Map

Global Forest Watch Map DRC

RISK SCORES

CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (Transparency international)

Corruption Perception Index

20

/100

 

    0 is highly corrupt, 100 is very clean.
Source: Transparency International

 

ILLEGAL DEFORESTATION AND ASSOCIATED TRADE (IDAT) Risk (Forest Trend)

95.94/100

 

00 is higher risk, 0 is lower risk
Source: Forest trend

 

SOURCING HUB RISK SCORE (Preferred by nature)

0/100

 0 is higher risk, 100 is lower risk
Source: Preferred by nature

 

 

COUNTRY DEFORESTESTATION CLASSIFICATION LIST - EUDR (European Commission)

STANDARD risk category

For more information about the methodology, see here

 

 

 

Interpretation of Risk Indicators

The indicators presented in this country profile (CPI, IDIAT, Sourcing Hub, EU benchmarking) are macro indicators intended to support risk analysis. They do not constitute a uniform qualification of the country or of its operators.

The EU benchmarking system classifies countries according to their risk of producing commodities that are not deforestation-free. For countries classified as standard risk, operators must conduct full due diligence, including information collection, risk assessment, and risk mitigation.

A country classified as presenting a certain level of risk does not mean that trade is prohibited. Operators may still source from such countries, provided that risks are adequately mitigated. This may include prioritising certified supply chains or those verified by independent third-party audits. Moreover, risk levels can vary within a country: a specific supplier or supply chain may present a low risk even in a country classified as high risk.

In accordance with the EUDR (Articles 9 to 11), risk assessment must in all cases be carried out at the level of the plot of origin and take into account the specific context of the region, the type of forest, and the supply chain.

The Timber Trade Portal is designed to support this analysis but does not replace the operator’s due diligence obligations.

Subnational variations in risks

HARVESTING SOURCE DUE DILIGENCE COMPLEXITY DUE DILIGENCE CONSIDERATION